Transient behaviour of electrovortex flow in a cylindrical container

This study is a continuation of a combined experimental and numerical investigation of the flow of the eutectic alloy GaInSn inside a cylindrical vessel exposed to a constant electrical current. The emerging electro-vortex flow (EVF), caused by the interaction of the current, which is applied through a tapered electrode, with its own magnetic field, might have both detrimental and advantageous effects in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). While the former work was mainly concerned with time-averaged results, this paper focuses on the transient behaviour of the EVF which becomes most relevant under the influence of an external axial field. The additional Lorentz force, generated by the interaction of the imposed current with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field (bz), drives the ordinary EVF jet flow into a swirling motion. The velocity distributions and motion characteristics, such as spiral streamlines, and shortened and irregularly swinging jet regions, are investigated. The mechanism is analysed in detail for bz = −25.5 µT. The maximum angular velocity of the rotating jet region is basically linearly dependent on bz , at least for the values studied here. A good agreement between the transient simulation and experimental result is shown.