Euler-Euler simulation of multiphase submerged jets

The Euler-Euler two-fluid framework is applied here for submerged multiphase gas-liquid and solid-liquid turbulent jets. A set of interfacial closure models that was previously established for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of different geometries such as bubble columns, pipe flows, and stirred tanks by Rzehak et al. 2017 and Shi & Rzehak 2018, 2020 is employed in the present simulations. The closure models for the momentum exchange comprise of drag-, lift-, wall-, virtual mass-, and turbulent dispersion-forces. The turbulence in the liquid phase is calculated using the 𝑘−𝜔 SST model with additional terms to consider the effects of bubble- and particle-induced turbulence. An open-source CFD tool OpenFOAM, is used to perform these simulations. Validation of the CFD simulations is performed by comparison with the experimental data of Sun & Faeth 1986 for upward pointing gas-liquid jets, and Parthasarathy & Faeth 1987 for downward pointing solid-liquid jets, respectively. The results show that the closure models are able to reasonably reproduce the measured data.