Emission spectroscopy for the identification of rare earth elements using laser-induced photoluminescence

We present rare earth element (REE) emission spectra stimulated by lasers with wavelength of 325 nm, 442 nm and 532 nm. Measured spectra represent REE standards in phosphates and fluorides, one set embedded in epoxy resin and one set in form of free-standing single grains. The comparison of emission features from the different specimen allows to evaluate, which emission peaks are robust and unequivocal for REE identification. Results showed that photoluminescence spectroscopy allows successful identification of characteristic emission peaks for Dy3+, Er3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Nd3+, Sc3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, and Yb3+, when using laser stimulation at 325 nm. However, strong matrix emissions such as from epoxy resin may mask weaker luminescence emissions. In such cases, the adequate choice of longer stimulation wavelength is crucial to suppress the strong matrix emission without loosing the REE luminescence. Using laser stimulation at 442 nm and 532 nm shows promising results, but the optimal laser wavelength seems to be REE-specific and consequently, requires comprehensive analyses.