On the effect of liquid viscosity, density and surface tension on the hydrodynamics of TSL injection systems

On the effect of liquid viscosity, density and surface tension on the hydrodynamics of TSL injection systems,
Main features
Top-submerged gas injection
Submerged combustion
Smelting of non-ferrous metals
Example: copper from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2 )
Importance of hydrodynamics:
gas-liquid interface
intensity of mixing
splashing
lance cooling/coating