Creep strength boosted by a high-density of stable nanoprecipitates in high-chromium steels

there is a need worldwide to develop materials for advanced power plants with steam temperatures of 700°c and above that will achieve long-term creep-rupture strength and low cO2 emissions. the creep resistance of actual 9-12cr steels is not enough to fulfil the engineering requirements above 600°c. in this paper, the authors report their advances in the improvement of creep properties of this type of steels by the microstructural optimization through nano-precipitation using two methodologies. 1) Applying a high temperature austenitization cycle followed by an ausforming step (thermomechanical treatment, tMt ) to G91 steel, to increase the martensite dislocation density and, thus, the number density of MX precipitates (M = v,Nb; X = c,N) but at the expense of deteriorating the ductility. 2) compositional adjustments, guided by computational thermodynamics, combined with a conventional heat treatment (no tMt ), to design novel steels with a good ductility while still possessing a high number density of MX precipitates, similar to the one obtained after the tMt in G91. the microstructures have been characterized by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, eBSD and atom probe tomog- raphy. the creep behaviour at 700°c has been eval- uated under a load of 200 N using small punch creep tests.